data analysis toolbox  (MathWorks Inc)

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Birth season shapes the infant metabolome and development in Tanzania: a secondary explorative analysis of the early life interventions for childhood growth and development in Tanzania (ELICIT) trial

doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-66268-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: A – C Bar chart of 6-, 12- and 18-month urinary, and 12- and 18-month plasma metabolites that follow a seasonal waveform based upon month of birth, from cosinor analysis (plasma n = 199; urine 6-month n = 278; 12-month n = 270; 18-month n = 266; p < 0.05 & q < 0.15 following Benjamini-Hochberg correction at ≥ one sampling point by extra-sums-of-squares F -test; exact p -values are provided in Supplementary Data. , ). Color indicates birth season of peak abundance (September-November, red; December-February, blue; March-May, pink; June-August, yellow). Solid circle represents birth-month-dependent metabolites (±1.5-month difference between birth month of peak abundance at two sampling points), unfilled circle indicates sampling-month-dependent (>four-month difference). D Mean plasma choline concentration by birth month (bold line; n = 199) at 12 (gray) and 18 months (green) following cosine distribution (dashed line) with 95% CI overlaid (shaded). E Median 1 H NMR six-month urinary metabolic spectral profile ( n = 278). Metabolites identified to significantly fit cosine waveforms based upon birth month are colored by birth season of peak abundance. Urinary metabolite relative abundance obtained by integrating the area under spectral regions. F – J Examples of urinary metabolites at six months that follow a cosine distribution (dashed line) by birth month. Mean relative abundance with 95% CI overlaid (shaded). Source data are provided as a Source Data file. EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; TMAO, trimethylamine N -oxide; 2-PY, N -methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide; NMND, N -methyl nicotinamide; 2’-FL, 2’-fucosyllactose; 3’FL, 3-fucosyllactose; DMG, dimethylglycine.

Article Snippet: Cosinor analysis was performed in MATLAB (version R2022b, MathWorks Inc.; Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox; Optimization Toolbox).

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Sampling, Concentration Assay

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Birth season shapes the infant metabolome and development in Tanzania: a secondary explorative analysis of the early life interventions for childhood growth and development in Tanzania (ELICIT) trial

doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-66268-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Mean monthly (shaded) and 8-year average rainfall (dashed line) in Haydom, Tanzania. B Mean monthly food insecurity (% mothers worried about food availability; black line; 95% CI shaded) reported over an 18-month period following enrollment. Annual patterns of rain and harvests highlighted (dry season, yellow; short rains, blue; long rains, green). C – E Lollipop plots displaying phase lags between peak food insecurity during birth year (January 2018) and the birth month of greatest plasma and urinary metabolite abundance at 6 ( n = 278), 12 ( n = 270) and 18 months ( n = 266; q < 0.05) from cross-correlation. Color indicates phase lag (>3 months, purple; ≤3 months, pink); shape indicates source (urine, triangle; plasma, circle), and size R 2 . Shaded area highlights birth-month-dependent metabolites. F Heatmap of 1- and 5-month breastmilk metabolites displaying seasonality based on sampling month from cosinor analysis (n = 292; q < 0.15). Colors indicate highest abundance sampling season (September-November, red; December-February, blue; March-May, pink; June-August, yellow). Values indicate phase lags (days) between peak food insecurity and peak metabolite abundance from cross-correlation ( q < 0.05). G) Bar chart visualizing log2 fold change of 1-month breastmilk metabolite expression by reported food insecurity at sampling (No n = 40; yes n = 14). Differences assessed by two-sided Wilcoxon test with Benjamini Hochberg correction for multiple testing ( q < 0.05; 2-fucosyllactose (2’FL) p = 0.0004; lacto- N -fucopentaose I (LNFP-1) p = 0.0006). Source data are provided as a Source Data file. FAD flavin adenine dinucleotide, FMN flavin mononucleotide, PLP pyridoxal phosphate, Nac nicotinic acid, Pa pantothenic acid, NAD nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NR nicotinamide riboside, PM pyridoxamine, PN pyridoxine, GABA γ-aminobutyric acid, 3’FL 3-fucosyllactose, NMND N -methylnicotinamide, EPA eicosapentaenoic acid, C18.2, octadecadienylcarnitine.

Article Snippet: Cosinor analysis was performed in MATLAB (version R2022b, MathWorks Inc.; Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox; Optimization Toolbox).

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Sampling, Expressing